Stewart Whitson, a senior director on the Basis for Authorities Accountability, testified earlier than Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene’s DOGE subcommittee in Washington, D.C., on Feb. 12. The listening to was titled “The Struggle on Waste.”
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Al Drago/Getty Photographs
PHOENIX — As an Arizona invoice to dam folks from utilizing authorities support to purchase soda headed to the governor’s desk in April, the nation’s prime well being official joined Arizona lawmakers within the state Capitol to have a good time its passage.
Well being and Human Providers Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. stated to applause that the laws was simply the beginning and that he needed to stop federal funding from paying for different unhealthy meals.
“We’re not going to try this in a single day,” Kennedy stated. “We’ll do this within the subsequent 4 years.”
These phrases of warning proved prescient when Arizona’s Democratic governor, Katie Hobbs, vetoed the invoice every week later. Nonetheless, state laws to limit what low-income folks can purchase utilizing Supplemental Diet Help Program advantages is gaining momentum, boosted by Kennedy’s touting it as a part of his “Make America Wholesome Once more” platform. Not less than 14 states have thought of payments this yr with related SNAP restrictions on particular unhealthy meals reminiscent of sweet, with Idaho and Utah passing such laws as of mid-April.
Wholesome meals itself is not largely a partisan challenge, and those that examine diet are likely to agree that lowering the quantity of sugary meals folks eat is a good suggestion to keep away from well being penalties reminiscent of coronary heart illness. However the query over the federal government’s function in deciding who can purchase what has change into political.
The group largely behind SNAP restriction laws is the Basis for Authorities Accountability, a conservative coverage assume tank in Florida, and its affiliated lobbying armwhich has used the identify Alternative Options Venture.
FGA has labored for greater than a decade to reshape the nation’s public help applications. That features SNAP, previously generally known as meals stamps, which federal information reveals helps a median of 42 million folks afford meals every month. It additionally advocates for methods to chop Medicaid, the federal-state program that connects 71 million folks to sponsored well being care, together with efforts in Idaho and Montana this yr.
FGA’s proposals typically search to restrict who faucets into that support and the assistance they obtain. These backing the group’s mission say the purpose is to avoid wasting tax {dollars} and assist folks raise themselves out of poverty. Critics argue that FGA’s proposals are a backdoor solution to lower off support to individuals who want it and that making wholesome meals and well being care extra reasonably priced is a greater repair.
Now, FGA sees extra room for change beneath the Trump administration and the Kennedy-led well being division, calling 2025 a “window of alternative for main reform,” based on its newest annual report.
Because the Arizona veto reveals, alternative is not a assure of success, reflecting the FGA’s historical past of coverage hits and misses.
A imaginative and prescient for limiting authorities advantages
Tarren Bragdon, a former Maine legislator, based FGA in 2011 to advertise insurance policies to “free hundreds of thousands from authorities dependency and open the doorways for them to chase their very own American Dream,” he stated in a press release on FGA’s web site. The primary basis began out as a workers of three with about $60,000 within the financial institution. As of 2023, it had a funds of greater than $15 million and a staff of roughly 64, based on the newest out there tax paperworkand that is not counting the lobbying arm.
The inspiration acquired early funding from a grant from the State Coverage Communitywhich has lengthy backed right-leaning assume tanks with ties to conservative activists together with brothers Charles and David Koch.
FGA declined a number of interview requests for this text.
Lately, the nonprofit helped draft a 2017 Mississippi legislation, the Jackson Free Press discovered, which intensified eligibility checks for public support that made it harder for some candidates to qualify. It efficiently pushed a 2023 effort in Idaho to impose work necessities for meals advantages that well being care advocates stated led some recipients to lose entry.
The identical yr, the group helped go SNAP restrictions affecting eligibility in Iowa. Since these restrictions have taken impact, the Meals Financial institution of Iowa has seen a report variety of folks present up at its pantries amid rising grocery costs and a scaling again of COVID pandemic-era federal assist, stated Annette Hacker, a vice chairman on the nonprofit.
A part of the group’s technique is to go laws state by state, with the concept the crush of latest legal guidelines will improve strain on the federal authorities. For instance, states cannot restrict what meals is bought by way of SNAP with out federal approval by way of a waiver course of. And up to now, a few of FGA’s efforts have stalled as a result of states by no means acquired that approval.
U.S. Well being Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. excursions a meals financial institution in Mesa, Ariz., on April 8, 2025. Arizona Gov. Katie Hobbs vetoed a legislation backed by Kennedy and FGA to maintain SNAP advantages from being spent on soda.
Ross D. Franklin/AP
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Ross D. Franklin/AP
Kennedy’s agenda now echoes a few of FGA’s key messages, and he has stated states can anticipate approval of their waivers. In the meantime, congressional leaders are eyeing nationwide Medicaid cuts and work necessities, which FGA considers amongst its main points. The inspiration additionally has a connection working contained in the administration: Its former coverage director, Sam Adolphsen, was tapped to advise President Donald Trump on home issues.
“We’re excited to struggle from Topeka to Washington, D.C., versus Washington, D.C., to Topeka,” Roy LenardsonFGA’s state authorities affairs director, informed Kansas lawmakers in February when testifying in assist of SNAP laws there.
Shaping state insurance policies
Within the states, FGA has change into generally known as a conservative “thought chief,” stated Brian Colby, vice chairman of public coverage for Missouri Funds Venturea progressive nonprofit that gives evaluation of state coverage points.
“Conservatives used to attempt to chop away on the federal funds,” Colby stated. “These guys are doing it on the state stage.”
In its 14 years, FGA has created a playbook to form state coverage discussions about public advantages behind the scenes. In Montana, retired Republican state legislator Cary Smithwho labored with FGA, stated not all the assume tank’s concepts break up alongside occasion traces.
“They provide a buffet of choices,” he stated. “Their agenda is making authorities accountable; it is within the identify.”
He stated apart from drafting laws, FGA gives speaking factors and information to assist policymakers assist their arguments.
“They might go in and would say, ‘That is what Medicaid fraud is costing us,'” Smith stated. “That might be the quantity you’d wish to use in your invoice.”
In January, FGA launched a memo for states to “cease taxpayer-funded junk meals.” In February, Stateline reported that Wyoming Republican state Rep. Jacob Wasserburger stated the group requested him to sponsor a SNAP restriction invoice. The state sponsor of comparable laws in Missouri has repeated not less than one in all FGA’s speaking factors, as reported by the Missouri Unbiased. In Arizona, Republican Rep. Leo Biasiucciwho sponsored the SNAP laws there, informed KFF Well being Information FGA was behind that invoice as nicely.
Opponents of such payments argue the proposals should not so simple as they sound. Amid debate on a SNAP invoice in Montana, Kiera Condon, with the Montana Meals Financial institution Communitytestified that the laws would drive grocery retailer employees to kind by way of what counts as soda or sweet, “which might lead to retailers not taking part in SNAP in any respect.” State lawmakers tabled the Montana invoice in April.
Montana legislators additionally simply handed a invoice to increase the state’s Medicaid growth program even after FGA started publishing a sequence of papers that asserted the program was “breaking” Montana’s funds. FGA had offered information saying most Montanans on this system do not work, which state information refutes.
Ed Bolenwho leads meals support methods on the left-leaning Heart on Funds and Coverage Priorities assume tank, stated FGA has a sample of proposing technical modifications to current legal guidelines and “unworkable work necessities” that trigger folks to lose advantages.
The Kansas instance
After working with policymakers in Kansas for a decade, FGA helped go laws that restricted how lengthy folks can entry money help, added work necessities to SNAP, and banned the state from spending federal or state funds to advertise public support. Lots of these modifications got here by way of 2015 laws generally known as the “HOPE Act” drafted by FGA, The Washington Put up reported.
Evaluation from Kansas Appleseedan advocacy group for low-income Kansans, discovered the SNAP caseload sharply declined after the invoice was enacted due to the brand new hurdles, dropping from 140,000 households in January 2014 to 90,000 as of January 2020.
“It is loss of life by a thousand cuts,” stated Karen Siebert, an adviser for Harvestersa neighborhood meals financial institution community in Kansas and Missouri. “A few of these FGA proposals are such advanced insurance policies, it is onerous to argue in opposition to and to elucidate the ripple results.”
In 2024, the inspiration produced greater than two dozen movies that includes state politicians from throughout the nation touting the group’s objectives and dozens of analysis papers arguing public advantages are wrecking state budgets. FGA additionally has its personal polling staff to provide information out of the states it is working to affect.
The group launched a listing of 14 states it labeled as “redder and higher” locations to exert extra affect. That included Idaho, the place the group has 4 registered lobbyists within the state Capitol.
In 2023, FGA helped current and efficiently foyer for laws there to require folks receiving meals support to work not less than 80 hours a month. The group referred to as the ensuing legislation “landmark welfare reform” years within the making.
And this yr, Idaho lawmakers handed extra necessities for folks enrolled in Medicaid who can work. FGA staffers labored with one of many co-sponsors of the laws on an analogous invoice final yr that failed, then once more this yr. A compromise invoice handed with FGA’s backing, marking one other victory for the inspiration.
David Lehman, a lobbyist for the Idaho Affiliation of Neighborhood Supplierswhich represents well being organizations which have opposed FGA payments, stated Idaho illustrates how FGA works with sympathetic lawmakers in conservative states to achieve extra floor.
“They’re pushing an already rolling rock downhill,” he stated.
KFF Well being Information is a nationwide newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about well being points and is without doubt one of the core working applications at Kff — the impartial supply for well being coverage analysis, polling, and journalism.
